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      <td><p class="toc level1"><a href="docinfo.html">Document Information</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="gexaf.html">Preface</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="gfirp.html">Part&nbsp;I&nbsp;Introduction</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnaaw.html">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Overview</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gfiud.html">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;Using the Tutorial Examples</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="bnadp.html">Part&nbsp;II&nbsp;The Web Tier</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnadr.html">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;Getting Started with Web Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnafd.html">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;Java Servlet Technology</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnagx.html">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;JavaServer Pages Technology</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnajo.html">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;JavaServer Pages Documents</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnakc.html">7.&nbsp;&nbsp;JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnalj.html">8.&nbsp;&nbsp;Custom Tags in JSP Pages</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnaon.html">9.&nbsp;&nbsp;Scripting in JSP Pages</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnaph.html">10.&nbsp;&nbsp;JavaServer Faces Technology</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnaqz.html">11.&nbsp;&nbsp;Using JavaServer Faces Technology in JSP Pages</a></p>
<p class="toc level3"><a href="bnara.html">The Example JavaServer Faces Application</a></p>
<p class="toc level3"><a href="bnarb.html">Setting Up a Page</a></p>
<p class="toc level3"><a href="bnarc.html">Using the Core Tags</a></p>
<p class="toc level3"><a href="bnarf.html">Adding UI Components to a Page Using the HTML Component Tags</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnarf.html#bnarg">UI Component Tag Attributes</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnarf.html#bnarh">The <tt>id</tt> Attribute</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnarf.html#bnari">The <tt>immediate</tt> Attribute</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnarf.html#bnarj">The <tt>rendered</tt> Attribute</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnarf.html#bnark">The <tt>style</tt> and <tt>styleClass</tt> Attributes</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnarf.html#bnarl">The <tt>value</tt> and <tt>binding</tt> Attributes</a></p>
<p class="toc level4 tocsp"><a href="bnarf.html#bnarm">Adding a Form Component</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnarf.html#bnaro">Using Text Components</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnarf.html#bnarr">Rendering a Text Field with the <tt>inputText</tt> Tag</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnarf.html#bnars">Rendering a Label with the <tt>outputLabel</tt> Tag</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnarf.html#bnart">Rendering a Hyperlink with the <tt>outputLink</tt> Tag</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnarf.html#bnaru">Displaying a Formatted Message with the <tt>outputFormat</tt> Tag</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnarf.html#bnarv">Rendering a Password Field with the <tt>inputSecret</tt> Tag</a></p>
<p class="toc level4 tocsp"><a href="bnarf.html#bnarw">Using Command Components for Performing Actions and Navigation</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnarf.html#bnarx">Rendering a Button with the <tt>commandButton</tt> Tag</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnarf.html#bnary">Rendering a Hyperlink with the <tt>commandLink</tt> Tag</a></p>
<p class="toc level4 tocsp"><a href="bnarf.html#bnarz">Using Data-Bound Table Components</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnarf.html#bnasb">Adding Graphics and Images with the <tt>graphicImage</tt> Tag</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnarf.html#bnasc">Laying Out Components with the <tt>UIPanel</tt> Component</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnarf.html#bnase">Rendering Components for Selecting One Value</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnarf.html#bnasg">Displaying a Check Box Using the <tt>selectBooleanCheckbox</tt> Tag</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnarf.html#bnash">Displaying a Menu Using the <tt>selectOneMenu</tt> Tag</a></p>
<p class="toc level4 tocsp"><a href="bnarf.html#bnasi">Rendering Components for Selecting Multiple Values</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnarf.html#bnask">The <tt>UISelectItem</tt>, <tt>UISelectItems</tt>, and <tt>UISelectItemGroup</tt> Components</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnarf.html#bnasm">Using the <tt>selectItems</tt> Tag</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="bnarf.html#bnasn">Using the <tt>selectItem</tt> Tag</a></p>
<p class="toc level4 tocsp"><a href="bnarf.html#bnaso">Displaying Error Messages with the <tt>message</tt> and <tt>messages</tt> Tags</a></p>
<p class="toc level3 tocsp"><a href="bnasp.html">Using Localized Data</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnasp.html#bnasq">Loading a Resource Bundle</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnasp.html#bnasr">Referencing Localized Static Data</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnasp.html#bnass">Referencing Error Messages</a></p>
<p class="toc level3 tocsp"><a href="bnast.html">Using the Standard Converters</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnast.html#bnasu">Converting a Component's Value</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnast.html#bnasv">Using <tt>DateTimeConverter</tt></a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnast.html#bnasx">Using <tt>NumberConverter</tt></a></p>
<p class="toc level3 tocsp"><a href="bnasz.html">Registering Listeners on Components</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnasz.html#bnata">Registering a Value-Change Listener on a Component</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnasz.html#bnatb">Registering an Action Listener on a Component</a></p>
<p class="toc level3 tocsp"><a href="bnatc.html">Using the Standard Validators</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnatc.html#bnate">Validating a Component's Value</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnatc.html#bnatf">Using the <tt>LongRangeValidator</tt></a></p>
<p class="toc level3 tocsp"><a href="bnatg.html">Binding Component Values and Instances to External Data Sources</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnatg.html#bnati">Binding a Component Value to a Property</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnatg.html#bnatj">Binding a Component Value to an Implicit Object</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnatg.html#bnatl">Binding a Component Instance to a Bean Property</a></p>
<p class="toc level3 tocsp"><a href="bnatm.html">Binding Converters, Listeners, and Validators to Backing Bean Properties</a></p>
<div class="onpage">
<p class="toc level3"><a href="">Referencing a Backing Bean Method</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="#bnatp">Referencing a Method That Performs Navigation</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="#bnatq">Referencing a Method That Handles an Action Event</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="#bnatr">Referencing a Method That Performs Validation</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="#bnats">Referencing a Method That Handles a Value-change Event</a></p>
</div>
<p class="toc level3 tocsp"><a href="bnatt.html">Using Custom Objects</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnatt.html#bnatu">Using a Custom Converter</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnatt.html#bnatv">Using a Custom Validator</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="bnatt.html#bnatw">Using a Custom Component</a></p>
<p class="toc level2 tocsp"><a href="bnatx.html">12.&nbsp;&nbsp;Developing with JavaServer Faces Technology</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnavg.html">13.&nbsp;&nbsp;Creating Custom UI Components</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnawo.html">14.&nbsp;&nbsp;Configuring JavaServer Faces Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnaxu.html">15.&nbsp;&nbsp;Internationalizing and Localizing Web Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="bnayk.html">Part&nbsp;III&nbsp;Web Services</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnayl.html">16.&nbsp;&nbsp;Building Web Services with JAX-WS</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnazf.html">17.&nbsp;&nbsp;Binding between XML Schema and Java Classes</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbdv.html">18.&nbsp;&nbsp;Streaming API for XML</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbhf.html">19.&nbsp;&nbsp;SOAP with Attachments API for Java</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="bnblr.html">Part&nbsp;IV&nbsp;Enterprise Beans</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbls.html">20.&nbsp;&nbsp;Enterprise Beans</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbnb.html">21.&nbsp;&nbsp;Getting Started with Enterprise Beans</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnboc.html">22.&nbsp;&nbsp;Session Bean Examples</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbpk.html">23.&nbsp;&nbsp;A Message-Driven Bean Example</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="bnbpy.html">Part&nbsp;V&nbsp;Persistence</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbpz.html">24.&nbsp;&nbsp;Introduction to the Java Persistence API</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbrl.html">25.&nbsp;&nbsp;Persistence in the Web Tier</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbrs.html">26.&nbsp;&nbsp;Persistence in the EJB Tier</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbtg.html">27.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Java Persistence Query Language</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="bnbwi.html">Part&nbsp;VI&nbsp;Services</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbwj.html">28.&nbsp;&nbsp;Introduction to Security in the Java EE Platform</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbyk.html">29.&nbsp;&nbsp;Securing Java EE Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncas.html">30.&nbsp;&nbsp;Securing Web Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncdq.html">31.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Java Message Service API</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncgv.html">32.&nbsp;&nbsp;Java EE Examples Using the JMS API</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncih.html">33.&nbsp;&nbsp;Transactions</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncjh.html">34.&nbsp;&nbsp;Resource Connections</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncjx.html">35.&nbsp;&nbsp;Connector Architecture</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="bnckn.html">Part&nbsp;VII&nbsp;Case Studies</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncko.html">36.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Coffee Break Application</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnclz.html">37.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Duke's Bank Application</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="gexbq.html">Part&nbsp;VIII&nbsp;Appendixes</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncno.html">A.&nbsp;&nbsp;Java Encoding Schemes</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncnq.html">B.&nbsp;&nbsp;Preparation for Java EE Certification Exams</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncnt.html">C.&nbsp;&nbsp;About the Authors</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="idx-1.html">Index</a></p>
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<a name="bnatn"></a><h3>Referencing a Backing Bean Method</h3>
<a name="indexterm-1215"></a><a name="indexterm-1216"></a><p><a name="indexterm-1217"></a><a name="indexterm-1218"></a>A component tag has a set of attributes for referencing backing bean methods
that can perform certain functions for the component associated with the tag. These
attributes are summarized in <a href="#bnato">Table&nbsp;11-10</a>.</p><a name="bnato"></a><h6>Table&nbsp;11-10 Component Tag Attributes That Reference Backing Bean Methods</h6><table><col width="23%"><col width="76%"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" scope="column"><p>Attribute</p></th>
<th align="left" valign="top" scope="column"><p>Function</p></th>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top" scope="row"><p><a name="indexterm-1219"></a><a name="indexterm-1220"></a><tt>action</tt></p></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" scope="row"><p>Refers to a backing bean method that performs
navigation processing for the component and returns a logical outcome <tt>String</tt></p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top" scope="row"><p><a name="indexterm-1221"></a><a name="indexterm-1222"></a><tt>actionListener</tt><a name="indexterm-1223"></a></p></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" scope="row"><p>Refers to a
backing bean method that handles action events</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top" scope="row"><p><a name="indexterm-1224"></a><a name="indexterm-1225"></a><tt>validator</tt></p></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" scope="row"><p>Refers to a backing bean method
that performs validation on the component&rsquo;s value</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top" scope="row"><p><a name="indexterm-1226"></a><a name="indexterm-1227"></a><tt>valueChangeListener</tt></p></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" scope="row"><p>Refers to a backing bean method that
handles value-change events</p></td>
</tr>
</table><p><a name="indexterm-1228"></a><a name="indexterm-1229"></a><a name="indexterm-1230"></a><a name="indexterm-1231"></a><a name="indexterm-1232"></a><a name="indexterm-1233"></a><a name="indexterm-1234"></a><a name="indexterm-1235"></a><a name="indexterm-1236"></a><a name="indexterm-1237"></a>Only components that implement <tt>ActionSource</tt> can use the <tt>action</tt> and <tt>actionListener</tt> attributes. Only components
that implement <tt>EditableValueHolder</tt> can use the <tt>validator</tt> or <tt>valueChangeListener</tt> attributes.</p><p><a name="indexterm-1238"></a><a name="indexterm-1239"></a><a name="indexterm-1240"></a>The component tag refers to a backing bean method using a method expression
as a value of one of the attributes. The method referenced by an
attribute must follow a particular signature, which is defined by the tag attribute&rsquo;s
definition in the TLD. For example, the definition of the <tt>validator</tt> attribute of the
<tt>inputText</tt> tag in <tt>html_basic.tld</tt> is the following:</p><pre>void validate(javax.faces.context.FacesContext,
     javax.faces.component.UIComponent, java.lang.Object)</pre><p>The following four sections give examples of how to use the four
different attributes.</p>

<a name="bnatp"></a><h4>Referencing a Method That Performs Navigation</h4>
<a name="indexterm-1241"></a><a name="indexterm-1242"></a><p><a name="indexterm-1243"></a><a name="indexterm-1244"></a>If your page includes a component (such as a button or hyperlink) that
causes the application to navigate to another page when the component is activated,
the tag corresponding to this component must include an <tt>action</tt> attribute. This attribute does
one of the following</p>
<ul><li><p><a name="indexterm-1245"></a>Specifies a logical outcome <tt>String</tt> that tells the application which page to access next</p></li>
<li><p>References a backing bean method that performs some processing and returns a logical outcome <tt>String</tt></p></li></ul>
<p>The <tt>bookcashier.jsp</tt> page of the Duke&rsquo;s Bookstore application has a <tt>commandButton</tt> tag that
refers to a backing bean method that calculates the shipping date. If the
customer has ordered more than $100 (or 100 euros) worth of books, this
method also sets the <tt>rendered</tt> properties of some of the components to
<tt>true</tt> and returns <tt>null</tt>; otherwise it returns <tt>receipt</tt>, which causes the <tt>bookreceipt.jsp</tt> page to
display. Here is the <tt>commandButton</tt> tag from the <tt>bookcashier.jsp</tt> page:</p><pre>&lt;h:commandButton
    value="#{bundle.Submit}"
    action="#{cashier.submit}" /></pre><p><a name="indexterm-1246"></a>The <tt>action</tt> attribute uses a method expression to refer to the <tt>submit</tt> method
of <tt>CashierBean</tt>. This method will process the event fired by the component corresponding
to this tag.</p><p><a href="bnavb.html#bnavc">Writing a Method to Handle Navigation</a> describes how to implement the <tt>submit</tt> method of <tt>CashierBean</tt>.</p><p><a name="indexterm-1247"></a><a name="indexterm-1248"></a><a name="indexterm-1249"></a>The application architect must configure a navigation rule that determines which page to
access given the current page and the logical outcome, which is either returned
from the backing bean method or specified in the tag. See <a href="bnaxf.html">Configuring Navigation Rules</a> for
information on how to define navigation rules in the application configuration resource file.</p>

<a name="bnatq"></a><h4>Referencing a Method That Handles an Action Event</h4>
<a name="indexterm-1250"></a><a name="indexterm-1251"></a><p><a name="indexterm-1252"></a><a name="indexterm-1253"></a><a name="indexterm-1254"></a>If a component on your page generates an action event, and if that
event is handled by a backing bean method, you refer to the method
by using the component&rsquo;s <tt>actionListener</tt> attribute.</p><p>The <tt>chooselocale.jsp</tt> page of the Duke&rsquo;s Bookstore application includes some components that generate
action events. One of them is the <tt>NAmerica</tt> component:</p><pre>&lt;h:commandLink id="NAmerica" action="bookstore"
     actionListener="#{localeBean.chooseLocaleFromLink}"></pre><p>The <tt>actionListener</tt> attribute of this component tag references the <tt>chooseLocaleFromLink</tt> method using a
method expression. The <tt>chooseLocaleFromLink</tt> method handles the event of a user clicking on the
hyperlink rendered by this component.</p><p><a href="bnavb.html#bnavd">Writing a Method to Handle an Action Event</a> describes how to implement a method that handles an action event.</p>

<a name="bnatr"></a><h4>Referencing a Method That Performs Validation</h4>
<a name="indexterm-1255"></a><a name="indexterm-1256"></a><p><a name="indexterm-1257"></a><a name="indexterm-1258"></a>If the input of one of the components on your page is validated
by a backing bean method, you refer to the method from the component&rsquo;s
tag using the <tt>validator</tt> attribute.</p><p>The Coffee Break application includes a method that performs validation of the <tt>email</tt>
input component on the <tt>checkoutForm.jsp</tt> page. Here is the tag corresponding to
this component:</p><pre>&lt;h:inputText id="email" value="#{checkoutFormBean.email}"
    size="25" maxlength="125"
    validator="#{checkoutFormBean.validateEmail}"/></pre><p>This tag references the <tt>validate</tt> method described in <a href="bnavb.html#bnave">Writing a Method to Perform Validation</a> using a method expression.</p>

<a name="bnats"></a><h4>Referencing a Method That Handles a Value-change Event</h4>
<a name="indexterm-1259"></a><a name="indexterm-1260"></a><p><a name="indexterm-1261"></a><a name="indexterm-1262"></a><a name="indexterm-1263"></a>If you want a component on your page to generate a value-change event
and you want that event to be handled by a backing bean
method, you refer to the method using the component&rsquo;s <tt>valueChangeListener</tt> attribute.</p><p>The <tt>name</tt> component on the <tt>bookcashier.jsp</tt> page of the Duke&rsquo;s Bookstore application references
a <tt>ValueChangeListener</tt> implementation that handles the event of a user entering a
name in the <tt>name</tt> input field:</p><pre>&lt;h:inputText
     id="name"
     size="50"
     value="#{cashier.name}"
     required="true">
    &lt;f:valueChangeListener type="listeners.NameChanged" />
&lt;/h:inputText></pre><p>For illustration, <a href="bnavb.html#bnavf">Writing a Method to Handle a Value-Change Event</a> describes how to implement this listener with a backing bean
method instead of a listener implementation class. To refer to this backing bean
method, the tag uses the <tt>valueChangeListener</tt> attribute:</p><pre>&lt;h:inputText
     id="name"
     size="50"
     value="#{cashier.name}"
     required="true"
    valueChangeListener="#{cashier.processValueChange}" />
&lt;/h:inputText></pre><p>The <tt>valueChangeListener</tt> attribute of this component tag references the <tt>processValueChange</tt> method of <tt>CashierBean</tt>
using a method expression. The <tt>processValueChange</tt> method handles the event of a user
entering his name in the input field rendered by this component.</p><p><a href="bnavb.html#bnavf">Writing a Method to Handle a Value-Change Event</a> describes how to implement a method that handles a <tt>ValueChangeEvent</tt>.</p>
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